Expanding sample volume for microscopical detection of nanoplastics

Abstract

<p>The extent of nanoplastic pollution has raised severe environmental and health concerns. While the means for microplastic detection are abundant, improved tools for nanoplastic detection are called-for. State-of-the-art microscopic techniques can detect nanoplastics down to tens of nanometers, however, only from small sample sizes (typically ∼ 10 μl). In this work, we describe a method that enables sampling of 1 l of seawater by the means of correlative Raman- and SEM-techniques. This is achieved by adapting common microplastic sample purification protocols to suit the nanoplastic study. In addition, we decorate a membrane filter with SERS-property to amplify the Raman signals. Together, the purification method combined with the use of the SERS-activated-membrane-filter enables identification and imaging of individual nanoplastic particles from significantly larger sample sizes than before. In the nanoscale the average recovery rate is 5 %. These results aim to provide useful tools for researchers in the fight against plastic pollution.<br></p>