Intestinal stem cell regulation by the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway in D. melanogaster

dc.contributor.authorMojzer, Janka
dc.contributor.departmentfi=Biologian laitos|en=Department of Biology|
dc.contributor.facultyfi=Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta|en=Faculty of Science|
dc.contributor.studysubjectfi=Fysiologia ja genetiikka|en=Physiology and Genetics|
dc.date.accessioned2022-01-31T22:01:44Z
dc.date.available2022-01-31T22:01:44Z
dc.date.issued2021-12-28
dc.description.abstractThe intestinal stem cells (ISC) of the D. melanogaster midgut, which is the functional analogue to mammalian small intestine, are highly responsive to changes in nutrition. ISC employ the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) to monitor nutritional status. HBP activity is an essential facilitator for insulin signaling-induced ISC proliferation. The midgut’s compartmentalized structure allows the study of many regulatory pathways. The regions of the midgut are characterized by distinct gene expression patterns, different histology, and physiological functions. The homeostatic regulation of intestine in fluctuating dietary conditions is poorly understood. In this study the interaction of the HBP and nutrition in the ISC population of the midgut were studied via confocal microscopy and the Longitudinal Analysis of the Midgut (LAM). The HBP was activated in different dietary conditions in ISC by feeding the flies with Glucosamine or by expressing the rate limiting enzyme Gfat2 in the ISC and their progeny. The increased clonal cell numbers suggest higher cellular turnover leading to higher stem cell proliferation rate in comparison fed versus starved dietary conditions. LAM gives a region-specific elevation of the clonal numbers of the cell. When experimenting which nutrients mediate the proliferative capacity of stem cells, we found that removing essential amino acids have similar effect on R4 region compared to the starved versus fed condition. Our results give new insights to the nutritional response and the region-specific activation for further research in connection with the HBP activation.
dc.format.extent44
dc.identifier.olddbid170033
dc.identifier.oldhandle10024/153141
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.utupub.fi/handle/11111/15649
dc.identifier.urnURN:NBN:fi-fe2022013111453
dc.language.isoeng
dc.rightsfi=Julkaisu on tekijänoikeussäännösten alainen. Teosta voi lukea ja tulostaa henkilökohtaista käyttöä varten. Käyttö kaupallisiin tarkoituksiin on kielletty.|en=This publication is copyrighted. You may download, display and print it for Your own personal use. Commercial use is prohibited.|
dc.rights.accessrightsavoin
dc.source.identifierhttps://www.utupub.fi/handle/10024/153141
dc.titleIntestinal stem cell regulation by the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway in D. melanogaster
dc.type.ontasotfi=Pro gradu -tutkielma|en=Master's thesis|

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