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Seasonal variation in the brain μ-opioid receptor availability
<p>Seasonal rhythms influence emotion and sociability. The brain μ-opioid receptor (MOR) system modulates a multitude of seasonally varying socioemotional functions, but its seasonal variation remains elusive with no ...
Escitalopram enhances synchrony of brain responses during emotional narratives in patients with major depressive disorder
One-week treatment with escitalopram decreases amygdala responses to fearful facial expressions in depressed patients, but it remains unknown whether it also modulates processing of complex and freely processed emotional ...
Cerebral grey matter density is associated with neuroreceptor and neurotransporter availability: A combined PET and MRI study
<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/positron-emission-tomography" title="Learn more about Positron emission tomography from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">Positron emission tomography</a> (PET) can be used for in vivo measurement of specific <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/neuroreceptor" title="Learn more about neuroreceptors from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">neuroreceptors</a> and transporters using <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/radioligand" title="Learn more about radioligands from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">radioligands</a>, while voxel-based morphometric analysis of magnetic resonance images allows automated estimation of local grey matter densities. However, it is not known how regional neuroreceptor or transporter densities are reflected in grey matter densities. Here, we analyzed <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/brain-scintiscanning" title="Learn more about brain scans from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">brain scans</a> retrospectively from 328 subjects and compared grey matter density estimates with neuroreceptor and transporter availabilities. µ-opioid receptors (MORs) were measured with [11C]carfentanil (162 scans), <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/dopamine-receptor-d2" title="Learn more about dopamine D2 receptors from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">dopamine D2 receptors</a> with [11C]raclopride (92 scans) and <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/serotonin-transporter" title="Learn more about serotonin transporters from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">serotonin transporters</a> (SERT) with [11C]MADAM (74 scans). The PET data were modelled with simplified reference tissue model. Voxel-wise correlations between binding potential and grey matter density images were computed. Regional binding of all the used <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/radioactive-tracer" title="Learn more about radiotracers from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">radiotracers</a> was associated with grey matter density in region and ligand-specific manner independently of subjects’ age or sex. These data show that grey matter density and MOR and D2R neuroreceptor / SERT availability are correlated, with effect sizes (r2) ranging from 0.04 to 0.69. This suggests that future studies comparing PET outcome measure different groups (such as patients and controls) should also analyze interactive effects of grey matter density and PET outcome measures....
Opioid Release after High-Intensity Interval Training in Healthy Human Subjects
Central opioidergic mechanisms may modulate the positive effects of physical exercise such as mood elevation and stress reduction. How exercise intensity and concomitant effective changes affect central opioidergic responses ...
Interindividual variability and lateralization of mu-opioid receptors in the human brain
Alterations in the brain's mu-opioid receptor (MOR) system have been associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders. Central MOR availability also varies considerably in healthy individuals. Multiple epidemiological ...
Systemic cross-talk between brain, gut, and peripheral tissues in glucose homeostasis: effects of exercise training (CROSSYS). Exercise training intervention in monozygotic twins discordant for body weight
Background: Obesity and physical inactivity are major global public health concerns, both of which increase the risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Regulation of glucose homeostasis involves cross-talk between ...
Aberrant motor contagion of emotions in psychopathy and high-functioning autism
Psychopathy and autism are both associated with aberrant social skills and empathy, yet only psychopaths are markedly antisocial and violent. Here, we compared the functional neural alterations underlying these two groups ...
Statistical pattern recognition reveals shared neural signatures for displaying and recognizing specific facial expressions
Human neuroimaging and behavioural studies suggest that somatomotor 'mirroring' of seen facial expressions may support their recognition. Here we show that viewing specific facial expressions triggers the representation ...
Relationship-specific Encoding of Social Touch in Somatosensory and Insular Cortices
<p>Humans use touch to maintain their social relationships, and the emotional qualities of touch depend on who touches whom. However, it is not known how affective and social dimensions of touch are processed in the brain. ...