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Seasonal variation in the brain μ-opioid receptor availability
<p>Seasonal rhythms influence emotion and sociability. The brain μ-opioid receptor (MOR) system modulates a multitude of seasonally varying socioemotional functions, but its seasonal variation remains elusive with no ...
Cerebral grey matter density is associated with neuroreceptor and neurotransporter availability: A combined PET and MRI study
<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/positron-emission-tomography" title="Learn more about Positron emission tomography from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">Positron emission tomography</a> (PET) can be used for in vivo measurement of specific <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/neuroreceptor" title="Learn more about neuroreceptors from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">neuroreceptors</a> and transporters using <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/radioligand" title="Learn more about radioligands from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">radioligands</a>, while voxel-based morphometric analysis of magnetic resonance images allows automated estimation of local grey matter densities. However, it is not known how regional neuroreceptor or transporter densities are reflected in grey matter densities. Here, we analyzed <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/brain-scintiscanning" title="Learn more about brain scans from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">brain scans</a> retrospectively from 328 subjects and compared grey matter density estimates with neuroreceptor and transporter availabilities. µ-opioid receptors (MORs) were measured with [11C]carfentanil (162 scans), <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/dopamine-receptor-d2" title="Learn more about dopamine D2 receptors from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">dopamine D2 receptors</a> with [11C]raclopride (92 scans) and <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/serotonin-transporter" title="Learn more about serotonin transporters from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">serotonin transporters</a> (SERT) with [11C]MADAM (74 scans). The PET data were modelled with simplified reference tissue model. Voxel-wise correlations between binding potential and grey matter density images were computed. Regional binding of all the used <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/radioactive-tracer" title="Learn more about radiotracers from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">radiotracers</a> was associated with grey matter density in region and ligand-specific manner independently of subjects’ age or sex. These data show that grey matter density and MOR and D2R neuroreceptor / SERT availability are correlated, with effect sizes (r2) ranging from 0.04 to 0.69. This suggests that future studies comparing PET outcome measure different groups (such as patients and controls) should also analyze interactive effects of grey matter density and PET outcome measures....
Opioid Release after High-Intensity Interval Training in Healthy Human Subjects
Central opioidergic mechanisms may modulate the positive effects of physical exercise such as mood elevation and stress reduction. How exercise intensity and concomitant effective changes affect central opioidergic responses ...
Interindividual variability and lateralization of mu-opioid receptors in the human brain
Alterations in the brain's mu-opioid receptor (MOR) system have been associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders. Central MOR availability also varies considerably in healthy individuals. Multiple epidemiological ...
Systemic cross-talk between brain, gut, and peripheral tissues in glucose homeostasis: effects of exercise training (CROSSYS). Exercise training intervention in monozygotic twins discordant for body weight
Background: Obesity and physical inactivity are major global public health concerns, both of which increase the risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Regulation of glucose homeostasis involves cross-talk between ...
μ-opioid receptor availability is associated with sex drive in human males
The endogenous mu-opioid receptor (MOR) system modulates a multitude of social and reward-related functions, and exogenous opiates also influence sex drive in humans and animals. Sex drive shows substantial variation across ...
Association of CNR1 gene and cannabinoid 1 receptor protein in the human brain
We aimed to integrate genomic mapping from brain mRNA atlas with the protein expression from positron emission tomography (PET) scans of type 1 cannabinoid (CB1) receptor and to compare the predictive power of CB1 receptor ...
Obesity risk is associated with brain glucose uptake and insulin resistance
<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate whether alterations in brain glucose uptake (BGU), insulin action in the brain-liver axis and whole-body insulin sensitivity occur in young adults in pre-obese state.</p><p>< ...
Mesolimbic opioid-dopamine interaction is disrupted in obesity but recovered by weight loss following bariatric surgery
Obesity is a growing burden to health and the economy worldwide. Obesity is associated with central mu-opioid receptor (MOR) downregulation and disruption of the interaction between MOR and dopamine D-2 receptor (D2R) ...
Cerebral μ-opioid and CB1 receptor systems have distinct roles in human feeding behavior
<p>Eating behavior varies greatly between individuals, but the neurobiological basis of these trait-like differences in feeding remains poorly understood. Central μ-opioid receptors (MOR) and cannabinoid CB<sub>1</sub> receptors (CB<sub>1</sub>R) regulate energy balance via multiple neural pathways, promoting food intake and reward. Because obesity and eating disorders have been associated with alterations in the brain’s opioid and endocannabinoid signaling, the variation in MOR and CB<sub>1</sub>R system function could potentially underlie distinct eating behavior phenotypes. In this retrospective positron emission tomography (PET) study, we analyzed [<sup>11</sup>C]carfentanil PET scans of MORs from 92 healthy subjects (70 males and 22 females), and [<sup>18</sup>F]FMPEP-d<sub>2</sub> scans of CB<sub>1</sub>Rs from 35 subjects (all males, all also included in the [<sup>11</sup>C]carfentanil sample). Eating styles were measured with the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ). We found that lower cerebral MOR availability was associated with increased external eating—individuals with low MORs reported being more likely to eat in response to environment’s palatable food cues. CB<sub>1</sub>R availability was associated with multiple eating behavior traits. We conclude that although MORs and CB<sub>1</sub>Rs overlap anatomically in brain regions regulating food reward, they have distinct roles in mediating individual feeding patterns. Central MOR system might provide a pharmacological target for reducing individual’s excessive cue-reactive eating behavior.<br></p>...