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Feasibility of FreeSurfer Processing for T1-Weighted Brain Images of 5-Year-Olds: Semiautomated Protocol of FinnBrain Neuroimaging Lab
<p>Pediatric neuroimaging is a quickly developing field that still faces important methodological challenges. Pediatric images usually have more motion artifact than adult images. The artifact can cause visible errors in ...
Seasonal variation in the brain μ-opioid receptor availability
<p>Seasonal rhythms influence emotion and sociability. The brain μ-opioid receptor (MOR) system modulates a multitude of seasonally varying socioemotional functions, but its seasonal variation remains elusive with no ...
Subcortical and hippocampal brain segmentation in 5-year-old children: Validation of FSL-FIRST and FreeSurfer against manual segmentation
<p>Developing accurate subcortical volumetric quantification tools is crucial for neurodevelopmental studies, as they could reduce the need for challenging and time-consuming manual segmentation. In this study, the accuracy ...
Segregated brain state during hypnosis
<p>Can the brain be shifted into a different state using a simple social cue, as tests on highly hypnotizable subjects would suggest? Demonstrating an altered global brain state is difficult. Brain activation varies greatly ...
Infant and Child MRI: A Review of Scanning Procedures
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a safe method to examine human brain. However, a typical MR scan is very sensitive to motion, and it requires the subject to lie still during the acquisition, which is a major challenge ...
Infant Sex Moderates the Effects of Maternal Pre- and Postnatal Stress on Executive Functioning at 8 Months of Age
<p>Previous studies report that early life stress, including maternal pre- and postnatal stress, has adverse effects on cognitive development and that these associations might be sex-specific. However, no studies exist on ...
Cerebral grey matter density is associated with neuroreceptor and neurotransporter availability: A combined PET and MRI study
<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/positron-emission-tomography" title="Learn more about Positron emission tomography from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">Positron emission tomography</a> (PET) can be used for in vivo measurement of specific <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/neuroreceptor" title="Learn more about neuroreceptors from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">neuroreceptors</a> and transporters using <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/radioligand" title="Learn more about radioligands from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">radioligands</a>, while voxel-based morphometric analysis of magnetic resonance images allows automated estimation of local grey matter densities. However, it is not known how regional neuroreceptor or transporter densities are reflected in grey matter densities. Here, we analyzed <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/brain-scintiscanning" title="Learn more about brain scans from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">brain scans</a> retrospectively from 328 subjects and compared grey matter density estimates with neuroreceptor and transporter availabilities. µ-opioid receptors (MORs) were measured with [11C]carfentanil (162 scans), <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/dopamine-receptor-d2" title="Learn more about dopamine D2 receptors from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">dopamine D2 receptors</a> with [11C]raclopride (92 scans) and <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/serotonin-transporter" title="Learn more about serotonin transporters from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">serotonin transporters</a> (SERT) with [11C]MADAM (74 scans). The PET data were modelled with simplified reference tissue model. Voxel-wise correlations between binding potential and grey matter density images were computed. Regional binding of all the used <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/radioactive-tracer" title="Learn more about radiotracers from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">radiotracers</a> was associated with grey matter density in region and ligand-specific manner independently of subjects’ age or sex. These data show that grey matter density and MOR and D2R neuroreceptor / SERT availability are correlated, with effect sizes (r2) ranging from 0.04 to 0.69. This suggests that future studies comparing PET outcome measure different groups (such as patients and controls) should also analyze interactive effects of grey matter density and PET outcome measures....
Insomnia symptoms increase during pregnancy, but no increase in sleepiness - Associations with symptoms of depression and anxiety
<p>Objective<br></p><p><br>To evaluate alteration in insomnia and sleepiness symptoms during pregnancy and assess early pregnancy risk factors for these symptoms, especially depressive and anxiety symptoms.<br></p><p>Met ...
Dissociable Roles of Cerebral mu-Opioid and Type 2 Dopamine Receptors in Vicarious Pain: A Combined PET-fMRI Study
Neuroimaging studies have shown that seeing others in pain activates brain regions that are involved in first-hand pain, suggesting that shared neuromolecular pathways support processing of first-hand and vicarious pain. ...