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Persistent human bocavirus 1 infection and tonsillar immune responses
<p><b>Background</b> Persistent human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) infection is a common finding in patients suffering from chronic tonsillar disease. However, the associations between HBoV1 infection and specific immune reactions ...
Koronainfektion laboratoriodiagnostiikka: Miten laboratorio valitsee menetelmät?
<p>Laboratoriot valitsevat käyttöönsä testit käyttötarkoituksen ja soveltuvuuden perusteella siten, että diagnostiikka on mahdollisimman vaikuttavaa. PCR on luotettavin koronavirustartunnan toteamiseen, mutta etenkin ...
Myxovirus Resistance Protein A as a Marker of Viral Cause of Illness in Children Hospitalized with an Acute Infection
<p>A biomarker for viral infection could improve the differentiation between viral and bacterial infections and reduce antibiotic overuse. We examined blood myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) as a biomarker for viral infections in children with an acute infection. We recruited 251 children presenting with a clinical suspicion of serious bacterial infection, determined by need for a blood bacterial culture collection, and 14 children with suspected viral infection at two pediatric emergency departments. All children were aged between 4 weeks and 16 years. We classified cases according to the viral, bacterial, or other etiology of the final diagnosis. The ability of MxA to differentiate between viral and bacterial infections was assessed. The median blood MxA levels were 467 (interquartile range, 235 to 812) μg/L in 39 children with a viral infection, 469 (178 to 827) μg/L in 103 children with viral-bacterial coinfection, 119 (68 to 227) μg/L in 75 children with bacterial infection, and 150 (101 to 212) μg/L in 26 children with bacterial infection and coincidental virus finding (P < 0.001). In a receiver operating characteristics analysis, MxA cutoff level of 256 μg/L differentiated between children with viral and bacterial infections with an area under the curve of 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.73 to 0.90), a sensitivity of 74.4%, and a specificity of 80.0%. In conclusion, MxA protein showed moderate accuracy as a biomarker for symptomatic viral infections in children hospitalized with an acute infection. High prevalence of viral-bacterial coinfections supports the use of MxA in combination with biomarkers of bacterial infection.<br></p>...
Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection During the First Year of Life
<p>Although many infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection are hospitalized, most infants are treated as outpatients. Limited data are available on the burden of RSV in outpatient infants.<br></p><p>In a ...
Diagnostic efficacy and tolerability of molded plastic nasopharyngeal swab (FinSwab) compared to flocked nylon swab in detection of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses
<p>The supply of testing equipment is vital in controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2. We compared the diagnostic efficacy and tolerability of molded plastic (FinSwab; Valukumpu, Finland) versus flocked nylon (FLOQSwab; ...
Herpesvirus infections in adenoids in patients with chronic adenotonsillar disease
Adenoids and tonsils have gained interest as a new in vivo model to study local immune functions and virus reservoirs. Especially herpesviruses are interesting because their prevalence and persistence in local lymphoid ...
Serological Follow-Up Study Indicates High Seasonal Coronavirus Infection and Reinfection Rates in Early Childhood
<p>Seasonal human coronaviruses (HCoVs) cause respiratory infections, especially in children. Currently, the knowledge on early childhood seasonal coronavirus infections and the duration of antibody levels following the ...
Huippu-urheilijan hengitystieinfektiot ja niiden haitat
Kova fyysinen ja psyykkinen rasitus voi heikentää elimistön puolustusmekanismeja useilla tavoilla. Kilpailut, matkustaminen, yhteismajoitus, ihmisjoukot sekä uni- ja energiavaje lisäävät urheilijan alttiutta sairastua ...
Association of Viral Load With Disease Severity in Outpatient Children With Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
<p><strong>Background.</strong> There are scarce data on whether viral load affects the severity of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease in outpatient children.<br></p><p><strong>Methods. </strong>We analyzed the association between viral load and disease severity among children who participated in a prospective cohort study of respiratory infections. The children were examined and nasal swabs for the detection of RSV were obtained during each respiratory illness. Quantification of RSV load was based on the cycle threshold (Ct) value. For the primary analysis, the children were divided into 2 groups: higher (Ct < 27) and lower viral load (Ct >= 27).<br></p><p><strong>Results.</strong> Among 201 episodes of RSV infection, children with higher viral load had significantly longer median durations of rhinitis (8 vs 6 days; P = .0008), cough (8 vs 6 days; P = .034), fever (2 vs 1 days; P = .018), and any symptom (10 vs 8 days; P = .024) than those with lower viral load. There were statistically significant negative correlations between the Ct values and durations of all measured symptoms.<strong></strong><br></p><p><strong>Conclusions.</strong> Our findings support the concept that viral load drives the severity of RSV disease in children. Reducing the viral load by RSV antivirals might provide substantial benefits to outpatient children.</p>...