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Insights into disseminated MS brain pathology with multimodal diffusion tensor and PET imaging
<div>Objective To evaluate in vivo the co-occurrence of microglial activation and microstructural white matter (WM) damage in the MS brain and to examine their association with clinical disability.</div><div>Methods 18-kDa ...
Seasonal variation in the brain μ-opioid receptor availability
<p>Seasonal rhythms influence emotion and sociability. The brain μ-opioid receptor (MOR) system modulates a multitude of seasonally varying socioemotional functions, but its seasonal variation remains elusive with no ...
Brain amyloid load and its associations with cognition and vascular risk factors in FINGER study
To investigate brain amyloid pathology in a dementia-risk population defined as cardiovascular risk factors, aging, and dementia risk (CAIDE) score of at least 6 but with normal cognition and to examine associations between ...
Folate receptor-targeted positron emission tomography of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats
<h2>Abstract</h2><div><p>BACKGROUND: Folate receptor-β (FR-β) is a cell surface receptor that is significantly upregulated on activated macrophages during inflammation and provides a potential target for folate-based ...
Individual parkinsonian motor signs and striatal dopamine transporter deficiency: a study with [I-123]FP-CIT SPECT
<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Total parkinsonian motor symptom severity correlates with presynaptic striatal dopamine function in patients with Parkinson’s disease. There is a lack of studies that have investigated the associations between parkinsonian motor signs and striatal dopaminergic deficiency in patients with parkinsonism of an unknown origin. Identification of specific motor signs associated with the highest likelihood of striatal dopamine deficiency could aid the differential diagnostics of parkinsonian and tremor syndromes.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this cross-sectional clinical and imaging study, detailed motor examinations were performed for 221 patients with parkinsonism or tremor of an unknown origin immediately before dopamine transporter (DAT) [I-123]FP-CIT SPECT imaging. Region-of-interest and voxel-based methods were used to investigate striatal DAT deficiency in relation to individual motor signs.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Upper extremity rigidity and facial expression were the only motor signs that differentiated patients with normal and abnormal striatal DAT function. The presence of any upper extremity rigidity showed the highest likelihood of DAT deficiency (OR 4.79, 95% CI 1.56–14.75, P = 0.006) followed by reduced facial expression (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.14–4.00, P = 0.018). In patients with DAT deficits, reduced facial expression was associated with DAT deficiency specifically in the caudate nucleus, and increased upper extremity rigidity was associated with DAT loss in the dorsal putamen (FWE-corrected P < 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Increased upper extremity muscle tone and hypomimia are independently associated with a higher likelihood of striatal hypodopaminergic imaging finding. This information can be used as a factor when the clinical need of auxiliary investigations, such as DAT SPECT, is considered for patients with parkinsonism.<br /></p></div>...
Comparison of the prognostic value of early-phase proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and diffusion tensor imaging with serum neuron-specific enolase at 72 h in comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest-a substudy of the XeHypotheca trial
<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We compared the predictive accuracy of early-phase brain diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), and serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) against the ...
Efficacy and tolerability of folate-aminopterin therapy in a rat focal model of multiple sclerosis
BackgroundActivated macrophages in the experimental model of multiple sclerosis (MS) express folate receptor-beta (FR-beta), representing a promising target for the treatment of MS. Here, we both evaluated the efficacy of ...
Sex correction improves the accuracy of clinical dopamine transporter imaging
<p>Background <br></p><p>In clinical diagnostic imaging, dopamine transporter (DAT) SPECT scans are commonly evaluated using automated semiquantitative analysis software. Age correction is routinely implemented, but usually ...
Vascular adhesion protein-1 is actively involved in the development of inflammatory lesions in rat models of multiple sclerosis
Background: Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is an inflammation-inducible endothelial cell molecule and primary amine oxidase that mediates leukocyte entry to sites of inflammation. However, there is limited knowledge ...
Differences in brain changes between adults with childhood-onset epilepsy and controls: A prospective population-based study
<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To determine the impact of childhood-onset uncomplicated epilepsy (COE) on brain aging over 50-year prospective follow-up.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>A population-based cohort of 41 aging subjects with COE and their 46 matched controls participated in a detailed in-person prospective assessment in 2012 and 2017 to characterize ongoing changes in the aging brain.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The mean age of the COE participants was 63.2 years (SD 4.14, median 63.2, range 55.8–70.6) and 63.0 years (mean, SD 4.13, median 63.3, range 56.0–69.9) years for controls. Neurologic signs were significantly more common in COE participants not in remission (p = .015), and the most frequent abnormalities were cerebellar signs (p < .001). Neurologic signs in general (p = .008) and cerebellar signs in particular (p = .018) were significantly more common in focal than in generalized epilepsies. MRI white matter abnormalities were significantly associated with absence of vocational education (p = .011), and MRI hippocampal atrophy in COE subjects was associated with arterial hypertension versus normal blood pressure (p = .017). In the combined study cohort of COE subjects and controls, presenting neurologic signs increased both in the subjects and in the controls from the 2012 to 2017 study.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>At ultra-long-term follow-up, clinical and neuroimaging findings show tendencies to brain aging that is more accelerated in COE participants with active adult childhood-onset epilepsy, and particularly in focal epilepsy.</p></div>...