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Performance in Hand Coordination Tasks and Concurrent Functional MRI Findings in 13-Year-Olds Born Very Preterm
<p>Background</p><p>Fine motor and coordination problems are frequently reported among adolescents born preterm. We aimed to assess performance in hand coordination tasks and to compare concurrent brain activation between ...
Infant and Child MRI: A Review of Scanning Procedures
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a safe method to examine human brain. However, a typical MR scan is very sensitive to motion, and it requires the subject to lie still during the acquisition, which is a major challenge ...
Low-saturated-fat and low-cholesterol diet does not alter pubertal development and hormonal status in adolescents
<p><br />Aim<br />The aim was to assess the influence of dietary counselling on the pubertal development and hormonal status in healthy adolescents.<br /><br />Methods<br />We used a subcohort of 193 healthy boys (52%) and ...
Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection During the First Year of Life
<p>Although many infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection are hospitalized, most infants are treated as outpatients. Limited data are available on the burden of RSV in outpatient infants.<br></p><p>In a ...
Body composition in children with chronic inflammatory diseases: A systematic review
<p>Background & aims</p><p>Aberrations in body composition are expected in children suffering from chronic inflammatory conditions. The objective is to examine whether children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD: Crohn's ...
Efficacy of inhaled salbutamol with and without prednisolone for first acute rhinovirus-induced wheezing episode
<h3>Background</h3><p>Acute rhinovirus-induced wheezing is common in young children and may respond to systemic corticosteroid. There are no trials on the efficacy of inhaled beta<sub>2</sub>-agonist in this clinical scenario.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>To study post hoc the short-term (up to 2 months) efficacy of inhaled beta<sub>2</sub>-agonist with and without oral corticosteroid in the first acute rhinovirus-induced severe wheezing episode in young hospitalized children.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study population came from two randomized controlled trials comparing oral prednisolone (2 mg/kg/d for 3 days) to placebo: Vinku (n = 35, NCT00494624) used high-dose regular nebulized salbutamol (0.15 mg/kg 2–4 h intervals) and Vinku2 (n = 60, NCT00731575, EudraCT 2006-007100-42) used inhaled salbutamol on-demand. Both studies used identical detailed follow-up assessments. The primary outcome of the former was the duration of hospitalization and of the latter the occurrence of and the time to a new physician-confirmed wheezing episode within 2 months after discharge. Treatment groups included salbutamol high-dose vs. salbutamol on-demand while adjusting for prednisolone status and acknowledging for interactions with exception of the duration of hospitalization in which prednisolone groups could not be fully used due to protocol differences.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Median age of subjects was 13 months, 32% were sensitized and 22% had doctor-diagnosed eczema. In the duration of hospitalization, salbutamol high-dose/placebo versus salbutamol on-demand/placebo groups did not differ (p = .12). In the occurrence of and time to relapse within 2 months, a significant group × treatment interaction was observed (both p = .02), such that high-dose group had less and longer time to relapses than on-demand group in prednisolone arm (both p < .05), but no difference was detected in placebo arm (both p > .26).</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In young, hospitalized children with first episode of rhinovirus-induced wheezing, high-dose inhaled salbutamol may interact with oral prednisolone. However, further trials are warranted.</p>...
An Infancy-Onset 20-Year Dietary Counselling Intervention and Gut Microbiota Composition in Adulthood
The randomized controlled Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project (STRIP) has completed a 20-year infancy-onset dietary counselling intervention to reduce exposure to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease ...
Surveillance of Circulating Bordetella pertussis Strains in Europe during 1998 to 2015
One reason for increased pertussis incidence is the adaptation of Bordetella pertussis to vaccine-induced immunity by modulating its genomic structure. This study, EUpert IV, includes 265 isolates collected from nine ...
A Novel Approach for Manual Segmentation of the Amygdala and Hippocampus in Neonate MRI
The gross anatomy of the infant brain at term is fairly similar to that of the adult brain, but structures are immature, and the brain undergoes rapid growth during the first 2 years of life. Neonate magnetic resonance ...
Survey of viral reactivations in elite athletes: A case-control study
<p>Exercise-induced immune perturbations have been proposed to increase susceptibility to viral infections. We investigated the replication of persisting viruses as indicators of immune function in elite cross-country ...