First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole in the Center of the Milky Way
Britzen S; Falcke H; Kettenis M; Hoge J; Friberg P; Turk M; Farah J; Cruz-Osorio A; Ni CC; Montana A; Garcia R; Chuter TC; Rottmann H; Leitch EM; Allardi A; Haworth K; Nowak MA; Kramer C; Rygl KLJ; Rezzolla L; Tilanus RPJ; Wong GN; Benson BA; Trent T; Bronzwaer T; Byun DY; Roshanineshat A; Janssen M; Wharton R; Phillips NM; Zeballos M; Gentaz O; Lu LM; Gammie CF; Lonsdale CJ; Azulay R; Berghuis JL; Colin-Beltran E; Schuster KF; Baczko AK; Kramer M; Hada K; Chen YJ; Moscibrodzka M; Narayan R; Caro P; Qiu R; Bustamante S; Michalik D; Broderick AE; De Laurentis M; Rodriguez-Montoya I; Kwon C; Gomez JL; Small D; Parsons H; Kuroda J; Geertsema G; Roy AL; Ogawa H; Boyce H; Hasegawa Y; Crawford TM; Muller C; Chan TL; Kimura K; Shen ZQ; Kubo D; Lauer TR; Hesper R; Wiik K; Carlstrom JE; Moriyama K; Yu W; Fromm CM; Souccar K; Liu CT; Oh J; Chatterjee K; Rahlin AS; Torne P; Stahm W; Ruszczyk C; Kim JY; Pesce DW; PopStefanija A; Duran CA; Kim DJ; Conway JE; Ward-Thompson D; Chang DO; Tazaki F; Lo WP; Bouman KL; Arriagada O; Dzib SA; Amestica R; Crew GB; Hernandez-Rebollar JL; Conroy NS; Blanchard J; Paraschos GF; Blackburn L; Sanchez-Arguelles D; Cardenas M; Castillo-Dominguez E; Ball D; Berthold R; Fuchs MM; Pietu V; Gu MF; Cho I; Rogers A; Bintley D; Matulonis C; Marchili N; Mao JR; Wijnands R; Freeman WT; Young K; Han KC; Fraga-Encinas R; Alberdi A; Brown K; Raymond AW; Bower GC; Kino M; Lee D; Nystrom G; Sousa D; Traianou E; Leung PK; Anantua R; Okino H; Shaw P; Pradel N; Tiede P; Araneda JP; Hirota A; Honma M; Trippe S; Ozel F; Howie RE; Baubock M; Pu HY; Forster K; Marscher AP; Maute JK; Han CC; Olivares R; Dornbusch S; Heumann D; van Bemmel I; Agurto C; Huang L; Issaoun S; Mac-Auliffe F; Chen CC; Bach U; Pen UL; Degenaar N; Test J; Ho P; Bertarini A; Zhang S; Haggard D; Mus A; Kofuji Y; Musoke G; Halverson NW; Cui YZ; Gueth F; Wondrak MF; Lindqvist M; Perez-Beaupuits JP; Keating GK; Wagner J; Ikeda S; Gomez-Ruiz AI; Moran JM; Yuan F; Emami R; Ressler S; Norton TJ; Shirkey LE; Chen MT; Levis A; Schonfeld J; Kuo CY; Li ZY; Graham D; Koyama S; Wex N; Patel N; Gurwell M; Jiang W; Koay JY; Saez-Madain AF; Goddi C; Raffin PA; Zensus JA; Marti-Vidal I; Alef W; Ramirez J; Yu CY; Young A; Parra R; Laing R; Ruiz I; Asada K; Koch PM; Ciechanowicz M; Herrera C; Sanchez S; Loinard L; Silva KM; Huang YD; Sasada M; Sridharan TK; Dexter J; White C; Everett WB; Fish VL; Chan CK; Torstensson K; Crowley J; Gold R; Blundell R; Liuzzo E; Barrett J; Weintroub J; Shao LJ; Zhao GY; Dougal S; Cordes JM; Jung T; Potzl FM; Chatterjee S; Ceccobello C; Satapathy K; Cantzler M; Algaba JC; Herrero-Illana R; Balokovic M; Jinchi H; Brinkerink CD; Ros E; Palumbo DCM; Nagar NM; Walther C; Myserlis I; Lu RS; Meyer-Zhao Z; Yamaguchi P; Gonzalez E; Sanchez-Portal M; Doeleman SS; Krichbaum TP; Wu QW; Huang CWL; Muders D; Gale DM; Nathanail A; James DJ; Oyama T; van Rossum DR; Ricarte A; Preciado-Lopez JA; Karuppusamy R; Younsi Z; SooHoo J; Wardle J; Sohn BW; Neilsen J; Park J; Medeiros L; Bremer M; Snow W; Montgomerie W; Ripperda B; Johnson MD; Jiang HM; Mizuno I; Wei TS; Hughes DH; Kim J; Santana J; Liu KY; Rawlings MG; Tetarenko AJ; Ford HA; Galison P; Lin LPCC; Venegas P; Matthews LD; Akiyama K; Impellizzeri CMV; Brissenden R; Sun H; Menten KM; Martin-Cocher P; Wouterloot JGA; Reynolds M; Porth O; Oshiro P; Kocherlakota P; Desvignes G; Neri R; Faber A; Lisakov M; Davelaar J; Plambeck R; Wielgus M; Marrone DP; Zhao SS; Hecht MH; Dempsey J; Nadolski A; Yoon D; Roelofs F; Georgiev B; Chilson R; Lee SS; Markoff S; Messias H; Ortiz-Leon GN; Savolainen T; La Bella N; Nagai H; Schloerb FP; Karami M; Fuentes A; Poirier M; Eatough RP; Coulson IM; Liu K; Fomalont E; Nolasco MEM; Nishioka H; Liu J; Jannuzi BT; Narayanan G; Chael A; Lacasse R; Mizuno Y; Stark AA; Deane R; Romero-Canizales C; Chang SC; Wieching G; Lico R; Lindahl G; Nakamura M; Schimpf SRH; Yuan YF; Chang CC; Ho LC; Montenegro-Montes F; Jimenez-Rosales A; Jeter B; Klein T; John D; Witzel G; Fuentes SN; Kawashima T; van Langevelde HJ; Titus M; Cheng XP; Christian P; Rao R; Ramakrishnan V; Matsushita S; Chang SH; Inoue M; Jorstad S; Joshi AV; Heyminck S; Prather B; Natarajan I; Li CT; Broguiere D; Olivares H; Vos J; Dhruv V; Lobanov AP; Noutsos A
First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole in the Center of the Milky Way
IOP Publishing Ltd
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on:
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2022081154246
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2022081154246
Tiivistelmä
We present the first Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations of Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), the Galactic center source associated with a supermassive black hole. These observations were conducted in 2017 using a global interferometric array of eight telescopes operating at a wavelength of lambda = 1.3 mm. The EHT data resolve a compact emission region with intrahour variability. A variety of imaging and modeling analyses all support an image that is dominated by a bright, thick ring with a diameter of 51.8 +/- 2.3 mu as (68% credible interval). The ring has modest azimuthal brightness asymmetry and a comparatively dim interior. Using a large suite of numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the EHT images of Sgr A* are consistent with the expected appearance of a Kerr black hole with mass similar to 4 x 10(6) M (circle dot), which is inferred to exist at this location based on previous infrared observations of individual stellar orbits, as well as maser proper-motion studies. Our model comparisons disfavor scenarios where the black hole is viewed at high inclination (i > 50 degrees), as well as nonspinning black holes and those with retrograde accretion disks. Our results provide direct evidence for the presence of a supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, and for the first time we connect the predictions from dynamical measurements of stellar orbits on scales of 10(3)-10(5) gravitational radii to event-horizon-scale images and variability. Furthermore, a comparison with the EHT results for the supermassive black hole M87* shows consistency with the predictions of general relativity spanning over three orders of magnitude in central mass.
Kokoelmat
- Rinnakkaistallenteet [19207]