Durable Copper Nanowires for Flexible Electronics
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A novel method for developing flexible electronics is to embed conductive metal nanowires (MNWs) onto flexible substrates. Currently, silver nanowires (AgNWs) are one of the most common nanometal inserts in flexible electronic devices. Copper nanowires (CuNWs) have gained significant attention in recent years as an alternative material for flexible electronics. As silver is an expensive material, the use of copper nanowires instead is a much more sustainable and cost-effective solution. In this thesis, ultra-long CuNWs were synthesised in a water/glycerol co-solvent. CuNWs were synthesised at temperatures of 120, 140, 160, and 180 °C, with CuNWs prepared at 160 °C showing the best properties. The CuNW length/diameter ratios were 558, 1356, 1939, and 865, for CuNW-120, CuNW-140, CuNW-160, and CuNW-180, respectively. After depositing the CuNWs onto a polycarbonate (PC) film, thus forming a conductive film, we discovered that the CuNW-160-PC films can maintain stable conductivity over 60 days and have thermal stability up to 140 °C. A capacitive curvature sensor was fabricated using a flexible conductive surface (FCS) with CuNW-160 on the surface of nylon-6 (N-6) nanofibres, which maintained consistent performance over 10,000 bending cycles and exhibited good curvature sensitivity even after 75 days. The excellent performance of the CuNW-160-based FCS proves that CuNWs have the potential to replace AgNWs in flexible electronics, highlighting the potential of enhancing copper nanowire stability by tuning reaction temperature.