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Cardiac arrest leads often to death or permanent neurological damage, despite prompt advanced life support and resuscitation. Ischaemia-reperfusion injury persists, although circulation and cardiac function has been restored. ...

Patients undergoing surgery and other invasive procedures need sedation and pain relief. Many unpleasant sensations and experiences can be reduced by administration of conventional sedative and analgesic drugs, but most ...

Posterior spinal fusion is one of the most common major surgical procedures performed in children and adolescents. Pain control can be challenging owing to the extensive posterior exposure and major tissue trauma. Therefore, ...

Buprenorphine and fentanyl are opioids, which have been clinically used for decades. Buprenorphine is traditionally prescribed for maintenance therapy in opioid dependent patients and to a lesser extent in the treatment ...