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In the last decades, the chemical synthesis of short oligonucleotides has become an important aspect of study due to the discovery of new functions for nucleic acids such as antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), aptamers, ...

Electrochromism, the phenomenon of reversible color change induced by a small electric charge, forms the basis for operation of several devices including mirrors, displays and smart windows. Although, the history of ...

The smectites represent a versatile class of clay minerals, offering possibilities of applications in several industrial and scientific fields. The hectorite belongs to this class, but it has the advantage of production ...

The thesis includes literature and experimental parts. The first part introduces the reader to the topic while the later part contains synthesis and characterization details, results and publications. Up-conversion (UPC) ...

Since the discovery of the up-conversion phenomenon, there has been an ever increasing interest in up-converting phosphors in which the absorption of two or more low energy photons is followed by emission of a higher energy ...

Chlorambucil is an anticancer agent used in the treatment of a variety of cancers, especially in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and autoimmune diseases. Nevertheless, chlorambucil is potentially mutagenic, teratogenic and ...

Resonance energy transfer (RET) is a non-radiative transfer of the excitation energy from the initially excited luminescent donor to an acceptor. The requirements for the resonance energy transfer are: i) the spectral ...

In this thesis work, a group of natural oligomers and polymers called proanthocyanidins was studied via multiple chemical approaches. At first, the proanthocyanidins were purified from eleven Finnish plant species with a ...

Antiviral nucleosides are compounds that are used against viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). To act as therapeutic agent, the antiviral nucleoside needs to be phosphorylated ...