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The deterioration of male reproductive health is a worrying global trend in respect to the individual fertility of the man. Modern knowledge suggests the etiological role for early testicular damage and harmful effects of ...

At present, 14 different types of the hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase (HSD17B) enzymes have been characterized. These enzymes differ from each other according to tissue distribution, substrate specificity, subcellular ...

The thyroid gland secretes thyroid hormones (TH), which have a crucial role in metabolism, as well as childhood brain growth and development. The thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) via its G protein-coupled receptor (TSHR) ...

Male germ cells undergo complex differentiation from embryonic germ cells, through postnatal spermatogenesis to highly specialized spermatozoa. Precise regulation of gene expression is critical for meiosis and morphological ...

Current evidence shows increasing rates of male reproductive disorders, including cryptorchidism, hypospadias, poor semen quality, decreased testosterone level, and testicular cancer. Therefore, studies on the physiology ...

Estrogens and androgens are critical regulators of several physiological processes,including development and reproduction. In addition, these hormones play key roles in several physiological complications and diseases, ...

Background: High-intensity acute exercise is known to induce oxidative stress and may lead to harmful oxidation of lipids, and protein and DNA damage. On the other hand, exercise is known to positively influence risk factors ...

Spermatogenesis is a complex differentiation process that produces millions of genetically unique sperm cells every day. During spermatogenesis the developing germ cells undergo metamorphic changes as they transform from ...

Adrenocortical tumors (ACT) are relatively common, with a prevalence of 6% in the aging population. They can be divided into benign adenomas (ACA) and malignant carcinomas (ACC). Tumors responding to luteinizing hormone ...

Androgens act through the androgen receptor (AR) and are critical regulators of prostate differentiation and function, as well as prostate cancer (PCa) growth and survival. The development of treatment resistance in ...