This thesis studies the phenolic compounds of Geranium sylvaticum L. It focuses especially on geraniin and related ellagitannins. The literature review covers the phytochemistry of Geranium species, the biological activity ...

The purpose of this academic economic geographical dissertation is to study and describe how competitiveness in the Finnish paper industry has developed during 2001–2008. During these years, the Finnish paper industry has ...

The innate immune system recognizes microbial features leading to the activation of the adaptive immune system. The role of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is to recognize microbial DNA. In addition to immune cells, TLR9 is ...

Fluorine-18 is a positron emitting radioisotope. It has a half-life of 109.8 min, a simple decay profile and low positron energy as a result of which properties fluorine-18 is an excellent candidate for use in the production ...

Domesticated species such as cattle have evolved under natural and artificial selection, leading to cattle breeds (both Bos taurus and Bos indicus) that display a broad phenotypic spectrum. As a result of intensive artificial ...

This thesis is comprised of four articles in multiplicative number theory, a subfield of analytic number theory that studies questions related to prime numbers and multiplicative functions. A central principle in multiplicative ...

In coastal waters, physico-chemical and biological properties and constituents vary at different time scales. In the study area of this thesis, within the Archipelago Sea in the northern Baltic Sea, seasonal ...

Plants form the first trophic level in terrestrial ecosystems and provide energy and nutrients to higher trophic levels. Herbivores, frugivores or fungal endophytes use plants directly, while ...

Biodiversity is unequally spread throughout terrestrial ecosystems. The highest species richness of animals and plants is encountered around the Equator, and naturalists observe a decrease in the number of creatures with ...